Biennial Vegetables

Crops that span two seasons — biennial vegetables like carrots, beetroot, onions, leeks and the cabbage family, harvested in year one for their roots, hearts and stems.

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Biennial vegetable seeds — crops that span two seasons

Biennial vegetables build up over their first year and run to flower and seed in their second — though we usually harvest them in year one, for the sweet roots, hearts and stems they form. They include some of the kitchen garden's most important crops, from our root vegetables to the cabbage family. New to growing? Our vegetable growing guide covers the basics.

Timing matters with biennials — the calendar shows when to sow.

From carrots to cabbages

Carrots, beetroot, parsnips, onions, leeks and the cabbage family are all biennials grown as annuals. Left in the ground, many will flower and set seed the following year — useful if you want to save your own seed.

Growing biennial vegetables

Most want a long, steady season and dislike being checked, which can trigger early bolting (running to flower). Sow at the right time, keep them well watered, and harvest the roots, hearts or stems in their first autumn and winter.

Planning the plot? Here's where to look next.

Popular vegetable categories: Root Vegetables · Cabbage Family · Bulb Vegetables · Stem Vegetables · All Vegetables

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a biennial vegetable?
One that grows in its first year and flowers in its second, though we harvest most in year one.

What are some examples?
Carrots, beetroot, parsnips, onions, leeks and the cabbage family.

Why might mine bolt early?
A check to growth — cold or drought — can make a biennial run to flower in its first year.

When do I harvest them?
Mostly in their first autumn and winter, for the roots, hearts or stems.

Can I save seed?
Yes — leave a plant to flower in its second year.