Plants make their own energy from sunlight, but they draw their nutrients from the soil — and in a busy garden or a pot, those nutrients run out. Feeding tops them up so plants grow strong and crop well. The key is to feed the right amount at the right time, because more is not better. Here is how.
- Nitrogen (N) leaves & green growth
- Phosphorus (P) roots
- Potassium (K) flowers & fruit
- Plus trace elements
Do your plants even need feeding?
If your soil is rich in compost and organic matter, many plants need little or no extra feed — healthy soil does the work. Feeding matters most for hungry crops (tomatoes, courgettes, beans), anything in containers, and long-flowering plants.
Types of feed
Slow-release options like compost, well-rotted manure and pelleted feeds release nutrients gently over weeks. Liquid feeds act fast and suit pots and quick boosts. Look at the balance: a high-nitrogen feed pushes leaf; a high-potassium (tomato) feed encourages flowers and fruit. Prefer chemical-free? Choose organic feeds and grow organic seeds.
When and how to feed
Feed during the growing season, when plants are actively growing — not in winter when they rest. Always follow the rate on the pack; doubling it does not double growth and can scorch roots. Water the soil first if it is dry, then feed, so the nutrients reach the roots safely.
Feeding in pots
Container plants rely entirely on you — their compost is quickly used up, so they need feeding more often than plants in the ground, typically every week or two in summer. Keep them watered as well, since dry roots cannot take up feed.
Common mistakes
- Overfeeding — lush, soft growth that pests love, and weaker roots.
- Feeding dry plants — water first, then feed.
- Feeding in winter — resting plants cannot use it.
- All nitrogen — great leaves, but few flowers or fruit.
Frequently asked questions
What do the N-P-K numbers mean?
The ratio of nitrogen (leaves), phosphorus (roots) and potassium (flowers/fruit) in a feed.
How often should I feed?
Beds: occasionally, if at all, with good soil. Pots: every 1–2 weeks in the growing season.
Is compost enough?
Often yes for beds; hungry crops and containers usually want a little extra.
Can I make my own feed?
Yes — comfrey or nettle 'teas' make good homemade liquid feeds.
Feed well, then browse all seeds.
