Brassica rapa var. rapa

Sowing and growing guidance

Brassica rapa seeds germinate in cool conditions. Direct sow as soon as soil is workable, in loose, well-drained, moderately fertile ground with consistent moisture. Choose full sun to light shade. Sow shallowly in rows, then keep evenly damp for steady growth. Once seedlings establish, thin promptly to allow bulbs to swell (for root types) and to maintain airflow, following packet guidance. Growth is compact to medium, suiting close spacing where well thinned. In heat, plants may bolt; resume sowing after peak heat for an autumn harvest, and in mild climates sow during the cool season or through winter with protection. Mulch lightly to conserve moisture and deter surface crusting.

• Sow when soil is workable; pause during peak heat; resume for an autumn harvest; in mild climates, sow in the cool season.
• Provide full sun to light shade and loose, well-drained, moderately fertile soil; keep moisture consistent.
• Thin promptly to allow bulbs to swell and maintain airflow; follow packet spacing guidance.
• Suitable for containers; choose a wide, deep pot with free-draining mix and regular watering.
• Edible: grown for roots and/or leafy greens; harvest at the desired size.

How do I grow turnips from seed?

Sow Brassica rapa seeds (turnips) directly where they will grow, as they dislike transplanting. Prepare a loose, well-drained, moderately fertile bed free of stones so roots can swell evenly. Rake to a fine tilth, sow thinly in shallow drills, and keep the surface consistently moist for even germination. Once seedlings emerge, reduce crowding so each plant has room to form a smooth bulb. Provide full sun to light shade, keep weeds down, and water steadily during dry spells. A light mulch helps retain moisture and moderates soil temperature for tender, quick growth.

When should I sow turnip seeds?

Direct sow as soon as the soil is workable after the last frost for a spring/early summer harvest (Northern Hemisphere) / spring harvest (Southern Hemisphere). Avoid peak heat; then sow again after the hottest period for an autumn crop. In mild climates, sow during the cool season when nights are not warm. For a continuous supply, succession sow small amounts every couple of weeks within these cool windows. Fast, steady growth in cool conditions produces the best texture and flavour, while hot weather can slow growth and reduce quality.

What soil and sun conditions do turnip plants need?

Turnips prefer full sun to light shade and a loose, well-drained, moderately fertile soil that holds consistent moisture. Soil that is too rich in fresh manure can cause lush tops at the expense of roots, while compacted or stony ground leads to misshapen bulbs. Work in well-rotted organic matter well ahead of sowing to improve structure and moisture retention. Keep the top few centimetres evenly damp from germination through bulbing; irregular watering can cause toughness or a sharp flavour. Good airflow reduces foliar issues and supports steady growth.

How should I space and thin turnips?

Sow thinly and thin seedlings in stages to prevent crowding and allow each plant space for a smooth, full bulb. Remove the weakest seedlings first, then adjust spacing so roots can swell without pressing against neighbours. Aim for clear airflow between plants and along rows. Water after thinning to settle soil around remaining roots. Avoid disturbing the roots of plants you keep; snipping extras at the base is gentler than pulling if seedlings are close. Young thinnings can be used as tender greens if desired.

Can turnips grow in containers?

Yes. Choose a deep container with ample drainage and a quality, well-drained growing mix that retains moisture without staying soggy. Sow sparingly and thin to just a few plants so each has room to form a bulb. Keep the container consistently watered, as pots dry faster than beds, and position in full sun to light shade. In warmer periods, a little afternoon shade helps maintain tender roots. Compact or fast-maturing varieties are well suited to containers, and regular, even moisture is key to smooth, non-fibrous results.

How do I harvest turnips at the right size and prevent woody roots?

Harvest when roots are still young and smooth—firm, with clear shoulders and skins that haven’t toughened—rather than leaving them to overmature. Steady growth in cool weather, consistent moisture, and adequate spacing help prevent woodiness and strong flavours. Avoid heat stress by timing sowings for cool windows and mulching to keep soil cool. Do not let mature roots sit in dry soil or for long periods after sizing up. For the most tender texture, practice succession sowing so you can lift plants promptly while they are at peak quality.

This growing guidance summarises widely accepted horticultural practice and is intended for general conditions. Local microclimate, soil type, and seasonal variability can affect timing and outcomes; interpret cues such as “after last frost,” “when soil is workable,” or “in mild climates, autumn sowing may be possible” for your site. Specific instructions for each variety are provided on the individual product page.

Cultivating Brassica rapa

Brassica rapa seeds cover a diverse group—from pak choi and tatsoi to mizuna and turnip types—valued for quick growth and adaptability. Sow directly outdoors when soil is workable and the risk of frost has passed; in mild climates, autumn sowing may be possible. For transplants, start 3-4 weeks earlier under cover and harden off gradually. Plant 0.5-1 cm deep in fertile, well-drained soil with steady moisture. Space leafy forms 15-25 cm apart, turnip types 20-30 cm, thinning promptly for sturdy growth. Provide full sun, offering light shade during heat to limit bolting. Germination typically occurs in 5-10 days as temperatures warm, with harvest windows ranging from baby leaves at 20-30 days to mature heads or roots at 40-60+ days. Practice succession sowing every few weeks for a continuous supply and rotate beds annually to reduce pest buildup. Good airflow and clean tools help maintain plant health, while mulching conserves moisture and moderates soil temperature.