Calendula officinalis

Sowing and care tips for reliable blooms

Calendula officinalis seeds are straightforward to grow. Sow under cover before the last frost or direct after the last frost; in mild climates, autumn sowing can bring earlier colour. Choose full sun to light shade and well-drained, moderately fertile soil; overly rich compost encourages soft, leafy growth. Keep seedbeds evenly moist for germination, then water deeply but infrequently, avoiding waterlogging. Space plants to allow bushy growth and airflow; thin crowded seedlings and follow packet guidance. Pinch young plants for branching, and deadhead or cut stems to prolong flowering. Medium-height plants may need light support in exposed sites. Allow a few heads to ripen if self-seeding is welcome.

• Start under cover before last frost; direct sow after last frost; autumn sowing in mild winters can give earlier blooms.
• Grow in full sun to light shade, in well-drained, moderately fertile soil; space for airy, bushy growth (follow packet guidance).
• Suitable for containers; use a free-draining mix and avoid overfeeding.
• Flowers attract pollinating insects; single blooms are especially accessible.
• Edible petals are used decoratively; only use correctly identified, untreated flowers.
• Ornamental appeal with cheerful, long-lasting blooms through the season.

How do I grow Calendula officinalis (pot marigold) from seed?

Sow thinly on or just beneath the surface of moist, well-drained, moderately fertile soil where plants are to flower, or start in trays and transplant once roots fill out. Keep evenly moist until established and provide full sun to light shade. Thin seedlings to prevent crowding and encourage a bushy habit. Calendula typically blooms from seed in about 6–10 weeks in favourable conditions. Regular deadheading maintains a long display and helps keep plants tidy. Flowers are attractive to pollinators, and if a few are left to set seed the plants often self-seed for future seasons.

When should I sow calendula seeds after the last frost, and is autumn sowing possible in mild climates?

Direct sow outdoors as soon as the soil is workable after the last frost, or start seeds under cover before the last frost for a head start, transplanting once the risk of frost has passed. In areas with mild winters, autumn sowing is feasible; young plants can overwinter and provide earlier blooms the following season. Where winters are harsher, protect autumn-sown seedlings from sustained freezes. Staggering sowings a few weeks apart extends the flowering season.

What is the best soil for Calendula officinalis, and what light and watering does it need?

Calendula thrives in well-drained, moderately fertile soil; overly rich conditions encourage leafy growth at the expense of flowers, while heavy, waterlogged soil reduces vigour. Provide full sun for the most blooms, though light shade is tolerated, especially in hot summers. Water regularly to keep the soil lightly moist, allowing the top layer to dry between waterings; consistent moisture is particularly important for container-grown plants. Mulching can help moderate soil moisture and temperature, but avoid burying the crown.

What are calendula spacing and thinning tips?

Space plants to allow good airflow and a naturally bushy, medium-height habit, following seed packet guidance for the variety chosen. Thin seedlings promptly so they are not competing for light and nutrients; this reduces the risk of mildew and produces sturdier plants. When transplanting, avoid burying stems too deeply, and water in well to settle the soil. Pinching the growing tips of young plants can encourage branching and a fuller display. Keep the area weed-free to minimise competition.

Can I grow calendula in containers?

Yes. Use a container with ample drainage and a free-draining, moderately fertile potting mix. Position in full sun to light shade and water consistently, as pots dry out faster than garden beds. A light, occasional feed supports flowering, but avoid overfeeding. Deadhead to prolong bloom, and refresh the surface compost between seasons if plants are kept on. Calendula has a medium, bushy habit suited to roomy pots; compact selections suit smaller containers. Expect some self-seeding into nearby pots if spent blooms are left to ripen.

Is calendula an edible flower?

Yes, the petals of Calendula officinalis are commonly used as an edible garnish and for colouring in culinary dishes. Use only correctly identified flowers grown without pesticides, and harvest fresh, removing the bitter flower base if desired. As with any edible bloom, introduce in small amounts to check personal preference. People sensitive to plants in the daisy family may prefer to avoid handling or consuming the petals. Blooms also support pollinating insects, making calendula both ornamental and useful in diverse plantings.

Information on this site reflects general horticultural practice and may vary with microclimate, soil type, and local conditions. Timing cues such as “after last frost,” “when soil is workable,” or “in mild climates autumn sowing may be possible” are offered as climate-based guidance. For each item, the product page provides the most specific, up-to-date sowing, spacing, and care details, aligned with the source material and current compliance requirements.

Sowing and care guidance

Calendula officinalis produces cheerful, daisy-like blooms in warm hues that suit borders, pots, and cutting. For best results, direct sow after last frost when soil is workable; in mild climates, autumn sowing may be possible for earlier displays. Scatter seeds thinly and cover lightly with fine soil; keep evenly moist until germination, typically within 7–14 days. Choose a site with full sun to light shade and well-drained soil of average fertility. Thin seedlings to roughly 20–30 cm to encourage strong, bushy growth. Regular deadheading helps extend flowering, while leaving a few spent blooms can encourage gentle self-seeding for the following season. Plants are naturally tolerant of cooler conditions, though flowering may slow during hot spells; light afternoon shade can help in heat. Suitable for containers and mixed plantings, calendula pairs well with vegetables and cottage-style schemes, supporting beneficial insects.